Figured I should put this up.
Romanized Japanese is pretty easy to read, pronunciation is generally straightforward. There are tones in Japanese, but I haven't seen a good way to represent them in written text.
Core rules: Japanese doesn't have an alphabet, it has a syllabry. The various hiragana and katakana syllables are two-letter combos, and there's only 6 non-syllables. A I U E O and N. All vowels are pure, no dipthongs (saying "I" in English has two vowels in it, "ah-ee").
In Japanese, an A/a sounds like the "ah" in "father"
an I/i sounds like the long "ee" in "bee"
a U/u sounds like in "boo-hoo"
an E/e sounds like the Canadian sentence-ending "eh" or like in "stay" (but pure "aa" vowel, not the "aa-ee" dipthong)
an O/o sounds like "oh"
an N/n sounds like an English "nnn", but it's drawn out to the same length as a whole syllable. For example, in "Daniel-san" the "nn" at the end should take as long to say as the "sa" in front of it. and sometimes it sounds like an 'mmm' instead of the 'nnn', like in the KeMpeitai.
a G/g always sounds like in the English "get"
a J/j always sounds like in 'jeez', but it's actually a contracted form, so sounds like j+ya, gee, j+yoo, jay, or Joe.
Then we get to a couple oddities: "tsu" (the transformed "dzu" is much easier for English-speakers to get) and the R/L thing. "tsu" sounds kinda like a little girls sneeze followed by an 'oo' sound, just a little bit of a "t" at the start of the "s", don't hiss. There isn't a difference between R and L in any Asian language. This is probably the hardest sound for English speakers to make, as it's halfway between the R and the L sounds and can shift around.
So, troop types:
Keisotsu - "Kay-soh-tsoo"
Butai - "Boo-teye" (NOT "boo-tay")
Kempeitai - "kehm-pay-Tie"
Tokusetsu - "Toh-koo-seh-tsoo"
Eisei - like "Say-say" without the first "s"
Kohei - "Koh-hay"
Aragoto Senkenbutai - "Ah-rah-goh-toh sehn-kehn-boo-tie"
Raiden Seibutai - "Rye-denn Say-boo-tie" (the R is closer to an R)
Karakuri - "Kah-rah-koo-ree" (the R is closer to an R)
Domaru - "doh-Mah-roo"
Haramaki Zensenbutai - "hah-rah-mah-key zehn-sehn-boo-tie"
Ninja - "neen-jyah"
Oniwaban - "oh-knee-wah-bon"
O-Yoroi - "oh-Yoh-roy"
Yojimbo - "Yoh-jim-boh" (This isn't a name, it's a word or title meaning 'bodyguard')
Names (Japanese names are usually written family name first, so Oda Yuriko is from the Oda family):
Oda Yuriko - "Oh-dah Yoo-ree-koh"
Kisaragi Asuka - "Key-sah-rah-gee Ah-skuh" (another exception to the usual rules, anything written as "suk_" usually sounds like "sk" with no vowel sound between them when it's at the end of the word. "suki" can sound like soo-key in sukiyaki, but if it's at the end of a word "suki" sounds like "ski")
Oyama Takeshi - "oh-Yah-mah tah-Keh-shee"
Kitsune Shinobu - "Key-tsoo-nay Shee-no-boo"
Togan Saito - "Toh-gahn Sigh-toh"
Musashi Miyamoto - "Moo-sah-shee Mee-yah-moh-toh"
Butai is actually an oddity here, as it means 'squad', not regiment or division. A platoon would be a "Gumi" ("goo-mee")